En este artículo se hace un análisis histórico del funcionamiento de la cadena de valor láctea en Chile entre 1975 y 2005. Para ello se ha utilizado información procedente de distintas fuentes estadísticas, así como estudios e informes de la época considerada. El objetivo es demostrar que la generación de un sector competitivo, abierto a la competencia internacional, e incluso exportador, no es el resultado de la actuación de las fuerzas libres del mercado, sino de una política pública aplicada de una forma que a la vez resulta flexible y persistente en el tiempo.
Con el objetivo de conocer las estrategias de comercialización de Walmart y las oportunidades de desarrollo de los pequeños productores hortícolas, se realizó un estudio en Acatzingo, uno de los principales municipios hortícolas del estado de Puebla, México. Se concluye que las negociaciones directas que establece Walmart con los pequeños productores hortícolas, la supresión de un eslabón de la cadena de valor del sistema hortícola y la manipulación de los precios de las hortalizas, son estrategias que apuntan hacia la hegemonía de esta cadena de autoservicio en el sistema hortícola
Esta edición de la Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial trae tres temas centrales, tres estudios de caso y tres reseñas enfocadas en Cadenas de Valor en la agricultura. Loss temas centrales discutidos son: "De cadenas de mercancias (commodities) a cadenas de valor: construcciones teóricas en una época de globalización"; "La industria de aceite de palma en Ecuador: ¿un buen negocio para los pequeños agricultores?" y "Guayaquil y la región: desarrollo territorial e inclusión social".
China is at a critical stage of transformation from traditional to modern agriculture and its agriculture and rural economic sector faces severe challenges of shortage of natural resources, environmental degradation, agricultural disasters, sluggish income growth of farmers and widening disparity between urban and rural areas. The fundamental solution to these problems lies with the advancement of agricultural science and technology.
The latest turmoil of production and price volatility in the global food sector has put agriculture back to the top of the development agenda. Population growth, changing consumer preferences, bioenergy demand and climate change are some of the huge challenges for agricultural production today and in the future. In the last decades, productivity has been constantly improved through the introduction of improved crop varieties and the greater use of mechanization, irrigation, chemical fertilizer and pesticides.
Classical innovation adoption models implicitly assume homogenous information flow across farmers, which is often not realistic. As a result, selection bias in adoption parameters may occur. We focus on tissue culture (TC) banana technology that was introduced in Kenya more than 10 years ago. Up till now, adoption rates have remained relatively low.
While several studies have shown that genetically modified Bt cotton can benefit smallholder farmers economically, the sustainability of these effects is still unclear and debated controversially between biotechnology proponents and critics. We use unique panel data of 533 cotton farmers, collected in India between 2002 and 2008, to analyze Bt impacts on cotton yield, profit, and household living standards. Results from fixed effects models show that the adoption of Bt cotton is associated with a net yield gain of 24% and a profit increase of 50%.
Various indications that research and development efforts are escalating in developing countries indicate the slight shift of such countries from just being end markets to being developers. The aggregate adoption of biotech crops in developing countries is clearly approaching that in developed countries. The next generation biotech crops with superior traits, with improved properties and quality traits will likely be created and deployed in developing countries, particularly in Asia, where half of the world’s population dwells.
Recent studies in the literature examining impact of government seed price intervention on adoption of Bt cotton get different results depending on the specifics of the situation analyzed. According to one study, reduction in seed prices enables farmers to buy seeds at lower prices and this can result in surge of area sown under Bt cotton. The other view holds that seed price interventions have little impact on the adoption rates rather these interventions may adversely affect firms’ incentives to innovate. Which of the two views characterize adoption of Bt cotton in India?
Le développement territorial durable requiert des innovations aussi bien techniques, que sociales et institutionnelles. Favoriser ces innovations est l'objectif des récentes démarches d'ingénierie territoriale qui adaptent les processus d'innovation développés en entreprise. Dans cet article, la pertinence de cette orientation est discutée en s'appuyant sur les enseignements d'une recherche-action, menée dans un territoire « fragilisé » : l' « Alto Sertão du Piauí et du Pernambouco », dans le Nordeste brésilien.