Les notions de services environnementaux et de services écosystémiques (SE) ont connu un rapide engouement au cours de la dernière décennie et sont à l’origine de nouveaux instruments pour faire face à divers problèmes environnementaux, notamment la déforestation : les dispositifs de Paiements pour Services Environnementaux (PSE). Néanmoins, l’intégration du concept dans les politiques publiques reste un processus rare.
The process of knowledge brokering in the agricultural sector, where it is generally called agricultural extension, has been studied since the 1950s. While agricultural extension initially employed research push models, it gradually moved towards research pull and collaborative research models. The current agricultural innovation systems perspective goes beyond seeing research as the main input to change and innovation, and recognises that innovation emerges from the complex interactions among multiple actors and is about fostering combined technical, social and institutional change.
La sécurité alimentaire en Algérie semble plus que menacée par un niveau de croissance démographique incontrôlé, par la dégradation des conditions physiques du secteur de l’agriculture, par la baisse des ressources hydriques et par le retard de développement technique de l’activité. À partir d’une revue bibliographique sur la situation actuelle du secteur agricole, le texte définit ses niveaux de développement et les défis de l’avenir auxquels ce secteur sera confronté.
This paper addresses questions over the function and institutional arrangements of climate finance from an innovation systems perspective. It examines the barriers that prevent developing countries from transitioning to low-carbon and climate-resilient economies, and the interventions necessary to overcome those barriers. It finds that the barriers to innovation and economic change are much more pervasive than a lack of incentives.
Using Nepal as a case, this paper illustrates how farmers and their supporting institutions are evolving and co-producing climate sensitive technologies on demand. Drawing upon the hypothesis of induced innovation, the authors examine the extent to which resource endowments have influenced the evolution of technological and institutional innovations in Nepal’s agricultural research and development. This study reveals that Nepal has developed a novel multilevel institutional partnership, including collaboration with farmers and other non-governmental organizations in recent years.
Les conséquences sur les territoires des changements climatiques d’origine anthropique sont variables dans leurs expressions comme dans leurs effets, et les territoires sont inégaux face à ces variations climatiques en termes d’exposition aux effets (fonction de facteurs physiques, sociaux, économiques, culturels, politiques, etc.) comme en termes de capacité de réponse (capacité d’appréhension, d’anticipation, de réparation, etc.).
This article presents lessons from the rich adoption literature for the nascent research on adaptation. Individuals' adoption choices are affected by profit and risk considerations and by credit and biophysical constraints. New technologies spread gradually, reflecting heterogeneity among potential adopters, processes of learning and technological improvement, and policies and institutions. Adaptation is the response of economic agents and societies to major shocks. We distinguish between reactive and proactive adaptation.
Food systems contribute 19%–29% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, releasing 9,800–16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) in 2008. Agricultural production, including indirect emissions associated with land-cover change, contributes 80%–86% of total food system emissions, with significant regional variation. The impacts of global climate change on food systems are expected to be widespread, complex, geographically and temporally variable, and profoundly influenced by socioeconomic conditions.
This paper provides a review of agronomic management practices supporting sustainable crop production systems and intensification, and testifying to developments in the selection of crops and cultivars. The paper also describes crop farming systems taking a predominantly ecosystem approach and it discusses the scientific application of this approach for the management of pest and weed populations.
This paper uses household and key informant survey data from Ethiopia to: (1) understand the organizational structures that influence change in dairy production systems; (2) explore how local-level innovation system networks are functioning in the smallholder dairy production and (3) identify intervention points for strengthening innovation capacity. Results revealed that public sector actors are the major role players in the dairy production system despite their minor role in marketing linkages. We also found out that the private sector actors play peripheral roles in the network.