Recently, Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKISs) have gained considerable attention in scientific and political forums in the European Union (EU). AKIS is considered a key concept in identifying, analysing and assessing the various actors in the agricultural sector as well as their communication and interaction for innovation processes. Using qualitative expert interviews and organizational mapping, the features of national AKISs were investigated in selected EU member states (Belgium, France, Ireland, Germany, Portugal and the UK).
Los artículos reunidos en este volumen se basan en las ponencias presentadas por los expertos que participaron en el seminario internacional “Políticas para la agricultura en América Latina y el Caribe: competitividad, sostenibilidad e inclusión social”, realizado en la sede de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) en Santiago los días 6 y 7 de diciembre de 2011.
Ce rapport final dresse le bilan des activités scientifiques engagées dans le cadre du projet Adap’Terr « L’adaptation au changement climatique : les défis d’une approche intégrée pour les territoires ? ». Ce volume de synthèse, présentant les principaux résultats, s’organise en trois parties. Une première partie précise certaines questions que posent pour l’aménagement et l’urbanisme l’action climatique locale, afin de développer un cadre conceptuel en mesure d’analyser les initiatives locales face au « problème climat ».
According to the literature on regime transition, niches are sources of innovation that may lead to the transformation of the dominant regime, if processes at other level of the system – the landscape and the mainstream regime - are supportive. A focus on actors involved in the transition process and the analysis of their specific role in knowledge networks can help assessing the robustness of a specific niche and its growth potential. Knowledge systems, and in particular the dynamics of local and expert knowledge, have in fact a key role in innovation models.
The European small ruminants (i.e. sheep and goats) farming sector (ESRS) provides economic, social and environmental benefits to society, but is also one of the most vulnerable livestock sectors in Europe. This sector has diverse livestock species, breeds, production systems and products, which makes difficult to have a clear vision of its challenges through using conventional analyses. A multi-stakeholder and multi-step approach, including 90 surveys, was used to identify and assess the main challenges for the sustainability of the ESRS to prioritize actions.
The French Ministry of Agriculture has called for agro-ecological transitions that reconcile farming and the environment. In this review, we examine the transformations of farmers and AKIS (Agriculture Knowledge Innovation System) actors’ work during agro-ecological transitions, and argue that the content, organization, and aim of farmers’ work are influenced by agricultural training, agricultural development, and discussions between peers, research, and regulations. Our main findings concern those transformations.
Asian agriculture is faced with major new challenges as a result of globalisation, urbanisation and environmental problems such as climate change. To meet these challenges, Asian agriculture needs to become more knowledge intensive and innovation oriented. This article frames the new Asian challenge in terms of innovation theory, emphasising the importance of the co-evolution of technological and institutional change and linkages between actors in open, interactive innovation processes.
La stratégie de Lisbonne met en avant la nécessité de stimuler la croissance et de créer des emplois dans les zones rurales, elle vise à renouveler les bases de la compétitivité européenne, à augmenter son potentiel de croissance ainsi que sa productivité et à renforcer la cohésion sociale en misant principalement sur la connaissance, l’innovation et la valorisation du capital humain.
Des investisseurs publics et privés, nationaux ou étrangers, lancent des programmes d’acquisition, de location ou d’utilisation contractuelle de terres agricoles dans des pays disposant de ressources foncières bon marché, où le marché foncier relève généralement de l’État (Afrique, Asie centrale, Amérique du Sud). Cette tendance s’est accélérée à la suite de la crise alimentaire du printemps 2008, puis de la crise fi nancière. Selon la FAO, entre 20 et 30 millions d’hectares de terres auraient fait l’objet de transactions ces dernières années.
The concept of an innovation system is used to understand how innovation contributes to economic growth. However, innovation systems do not evolve evenly in different parts of the world. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the emergence of innovation systems in the context of developing countries. It uses the Rwandan case, where agriculture is a dominant socio-economic sector with high innovation potential. It explores how stakeholder interactions and policies contribute to the emergence of an agriculture innovation system in Rwanda.