The integration of ethics into the day-to-day work of research and innovation (R&I) is an important but difficult challenge. However, with the Aachen method for identification, classification and risk analysis of innovation-based problems (AMICAI) an approach from an engineering perspective is presented that enables the integration of ethical, legal and social implications into the day-to-day work of R&I practitioners.
Breeding programs for local breeds kept by small farmers in developing countries are a major challenge. Animal recording of pedigree and performance under conditions of subsistence livestock farming is remain difficult or next to impossible. This means that standard genetic evaluations, as well as selection and planning of mating based on estimates of the animals' genotypes, cannot be done at any level in the population of the target breed or genetic group.
This data article contains annotation data characterizing Multi Criteria Assessment (MCA) Methods proposed in the agri-food sector by researchers from INRA, Europe's largest agricultural research institute (INRA, https://institut.inra.fr/en). MCA can be used to assess and compare agricultural and food systems, and support multi-actor decision making and design of innovative systems for crop production, animal production and processing of agricultural products.
La innovación es considerada como un factor de supervivencia organizacional y necesita de elementos de gestión que contribuyan a su sustento y vigencia en el tiempo, manteniendo así su objetivo primordial que es la usabilidad y la generación de ganancias.
This article therefore analyses whether agricultural advisors representing companies that do not sell pesticides (independent advisors) are more likely to recommend reduced pesticide use than agricultural advisors who represent companies with an economic interest in selling pesticides (supplier-affiliated advisors). However, we would not necessarily expect a crude relationship between economic incentive and higher pesticide recommendations. After all, advisors have to justify their recommendations to their customers, the farmers.
Coffee production is the main economic activity for smallholder farmers in Rwanda; it is also a major export crop. However, Rwandan coffee production has been facing structural changes with a significant decline in production. Considering the importance of the coffee sector to rural livelihoods and its potential role in export earnings, there is a need to ensure that small-scale coffee farmers efficiently use scarce resources in their production activities.
This paper draws from interviews with (1) US farmers who have adopted automated systems; (2) individuals employed by North American firms that engineer, manufacture, and/or repair these technologies; and (3) US farm laborers (immigrant and domestic) and representatives from farm labor organizations. The argument draws from the literature interrogating the fictional expectations that underlie capitalist reproduction, reading it through a distributed (ontological) lens.
This literature review was developed by the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) as part of the Policies, Institutions and Markets Program of the CGIAR. Its objective is to gain a better understanding of scale up processes, strategies and practices in programmes aimed at reducing poverty through improved markets. Its focus is the dissemination of new behaviour through these markets as a result of the interventions of said programmes.
This paper used systematic literature network analysis to review the state-of-the-art blockchain technology including its recent advances, main applications in agri-food value chain and challenges from a holistic perspective. The findings suggest that blockchain technology together with advanced information and communication technology and internet of things have been adopted for the improvement of agri-food value chain management in four main aspects: traceability, information security, manufacturing and sustainable water management.
Este boletín presenta información recolectada a través de la "Encuesta Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Sistema Nacional de Innovación Agropecuaria" y otras fuentes, con el fin de mostrar un panorama de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación. Los indicadores discutidos en esta publicación deben apoyar la toma de decisiones a nivel nacional y regional; apoyar la formulación de la política pública; y orientar la investigación, desarollo tecnológico y la innovación (I+D+i) del sector.