This review paper is based on secondary information. It presents the external (policy, technical assistance, public institutions and the private sector) and internal (institutional structures, objectives/programmes) factors that impact on agriculture development in general in developing countries with special focus on Pakistan. The contents carry the literatures that deal with such factors, starting with discussion on the comprehensive analysis of the role of extension services accompanied by its pros and cons, as well as the meager agricultural services in developing countries.
The framework is designed to assess resilience to specific challenges (specified resilience) as well as a farming system's capacity to deal with the unknown, uncertainty and surprise (general resilience). The framework provides a heuristic to analyze system properties, challenges (shocks, long-term stresses), indicators to measure the performance of system functions, resilience capacities and resilience-enhancing attributes. Capacities and attributes refer to adaptive cycle processes of agricultural practices, farm demographics, governance and risk management.
While livestock constitute a strategic sector to reduce poverty and enhance growth in developing countries, decision makers often lack data reflecting the diversity of livestock functions and systems. The authors therefore mobilised the Livestock Sector Investment Policy Toolkit to assess the economic contributions of livestock in Zambia. Valuing their plural contributions by system, we found that mixed rainfed systems were the main contributors to added value, even if specialised intensive systems provided around 45% of meat and milk production.
This research delves into the implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) among seven types of independent smallholders in Rokan Hulu regency, Riau province. The research area consisted of a relative established agricultural area on mineral soils and a relative frontier, mostly on peat. Smallholder types ranged from small local farmers to large farmers who usually reside in urban areas far from their plantation and regard oil palm cultivation as an investment opportunity.
Increasing on-farm production diversity and improving markets are recognized as ways to improve the dietary diversity of smallholders. Using instrumental variable methods to account for endogeneity, this paper studies the interplay of production diversity, markets and diets in the context of seasonality in Afghanistan. Accordingly to the authors improved crop diversity over the year is positively associated with dietary diversity in the regular season, but not in the lean season.
Este flyer describe las nuevas actividades de la Federación Mexicana de Palma de Aceite, y describe las nuevas instalaciones del entro de Investigación e Innovación para la Sustentabilidad de la Palma de Aceiteción e Innovación para la Sustentabilidad de la Palma de Aceite en Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
El objetivo de esta publicación es aportar a la consolidación de ocho fincas demostrativas de cacao, a través de la implementación de prácticas sostenibles como sistemas agroforestales que contribuyan a fortalecer su capacidad de adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático, de manera que estas fincas se conviertan en promotores de la producción sostenible en la región.
Esta guía del Proceso de Acompañamiento fue preparada bajo el proyecto Desarrollo de Capacidades para Sistemas de Innovación Agrícola (CDAIS), una asociación global (Agrinatura, FAO y ocho países piloto) que tiene como objetivo fortalecer la capacidad de los países y las partes involucradas para innovar en sistemas agrícolas complejos y así lograr mejores medios de vida en las zonas rurales. CDAIS utiliza un enfoque de ciclo de aprendizaje continuo para apoyar los sistemas nacionales de innovación agrícola en ocho países de África, Asia y América Central.
Climate change and climate variability are creating negative impacts to agriculture. It affects both food security and crop and livestock production. In the process, it affects the livelihood of communities. Climate-smart agriculture is seen as an alternative to mitigate the challenges of climate change. Literature studies were obtained from journal articles on capacity development. The problem investigated is that climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a recent concept which needs to be understood with climate change, and the extension advisors do not have requisite skills.
Agriculture developments have revolutionized the overall agricultural practices however, the small farmers are still suffering as they were not able to cope with the fast-paced changes. Thus, it still poses a threat to their survival. The study has attempted to explore how the environment can motivate a small farmer to adopt the agriculture extension. The study also examined how environment stimulates the intrapreneurship of a small farmer. For this purpose, data was collected from the farmers of Thailand and Smart-PLS was used for data analysis.