Enabling entrepreneurship in extension and advisory services

In the rapidly changing context of agri-food systems, extension and advisory services (EAS) are expected to provide new roles and services that go well beyond the traditional production-related technology transfer. Consequently, pluralistic EAS systems with diverse actors have emerged with diverse actors, including private and civil society organisations. These multiple EAS actors must adopt innovative entrepreneurship models if they are to act proactively and respond to the increasing diversity of farmers’ demands while staying independent and sustainable. Entrepreneurship in EAS means applying innovations such as creative and sustainable business models that can capture opportunities and new ideas, broaden the range of services and clients, and foster innovation in the agri-food system. It can strengthen autonomy (e.g. from donor funding), empower community-engaged providers that offer locally relevant services, create job opportunities, and strengthen resilience of EAS to shocks and disruptors. EAS entrepreneurs can include private agribusinesses, scalable start-ups, farmer champions and local volunteers, producer organisations and cooperatives, as well as public sector actors with innovative ideas who can network, create successful partnerships, and are result-oriented, willing to change and take risks. However, the development of appropriate EAS entrepreneurship models is conditioned by internal and external factors, like farmers’ demands, economic motivation, enabling and risk-mitigating policies and regulations, capacities and, perhaps most importantly, a profound mindset change of all the actors, moving towards sustainable and inclusive entrepreneurship and away from institutional silos, rigid public-only and big agribusiness-only schemes.