La FAO a adopté une approche multidimensionnelle pour aider les exploitants familiaux pauvres à faire face aux difficultés qu’ils rencontrent au quotidien et renforcer leur capacité de création de revenus, afin de réduire la pauvreté rurale.
La plupart des personnes pauvres et qui souffrent de la faim, dans le monde, sont des ruraux qui tirent un maigre revenu de l’agriculture. En 2010, sur les 1,2 milliard de personnes extrêmement pauvres, quelque 900 millions vivait en milieu rural. Environ 750 millions de ces personnes travaillaient dans l’agriculture, généralement comme petits exploitants familiaux (Olinto et al., 2013). On estime que 200 millions de ruraux pauvres pourraient émigrer vers les villes ces 15 prochaines années, mais la plupart d’entre eux resteront toutefois à la campagne.
As part of the EU funded AgriSpin project (www.agrispin.eu), which aimed at “creating space for innovations” in agriculture across Europe, this contribution addresses the above mentioned knowledge gaps by a. elaborating a generic typology appropriate to capture the variety of ISS, b. structuring selected innovations along the degree of technological change and coordination levels, and c.
Innovation is often presented as one of the main catalysts for more sustainable and inclusive development. In the agricultural and food sectors, innovation is characterized not only by specificities arising from its relationship to nature, but also from the wide diversity of its stakeholders, ranging from farmers to consumers, and including intermediaries such as the research community and advisory services. Innovation emerges from interactions between these actors, who mobilize resources and produce knowledge in collaborative mechanisms in orderto generate changes.
Esta revisión de la literatura muestra la diversidad de puntos de vista en la caracterización del AIS (visión estructural, visión funcional, visión ba-sada en procesos, visión basada en capacidades). Estas diferentes visiones del AIS se basan en diferentes hipótesis y abarcan diferentes métodos de análisis del AIS. Los académicos consideran que estos puntos de vista son complementarios y útiles para una evaluación operativa del AIS. Debido a esta multiplicidad de puntos de vista analíticos, se ha desarrollado un gran número de métodos.
Agricultural research and extension systems are central to unlock the potential of agricultural innovation and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Public agricultural research, extension and advisory services are essential for increasing productivity and promoting sustainable agricultural growth and alleviating poverty.
This chapter reports on the different functions fulfilled by existing mechanisms for supporting collective innovation in the agricultural and agrifood sectors in the countries of the Global South in order to identify the potential contributions the research community can make to strengthen them. The authors show that a variety of mechanisms are needed to create enabling conditions for innovation and to provide a step-by-step support to innovation communities, according to their capacities and learning needs.
Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), or FAW, is an insect native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas. In the absence of natural controls or good management, it can cause significant damage to crops. It prefers maize, although it can feed on more than 80 additional species of crops including rice, sorghum, millet, sugarcane, vegetable crops and cotton.
World population is expected to surpass the 9 billion mark by 2050, and agriculture has to increase the production of nutritious food to meet the growing demand and ensure food security for all. It has to generate jobs, improve incomes and contribute to poverty eradication and rural economic growth. And it has a major role to play in the sustainable management of natural resources. Most of the increase in food production will have to take place in developing countries.
La FAO, IBM et Microsoft cherchent des moyens concrets et durables d’utiliser l’intelligence artificielle dans le respect des principes d’éthique approuvés par le pape François 24 septembre 2020, Rome - Lors d'une manifestation organisée aujourd'hui à l'Académie pontificale pour la vie, l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), IBM et Microsoft ont réitéré leur engagement en faveur de la mise au point de formes d'intelligence artificielle (IA) qui soient inclusives et promeuvent des moyens durables de concrétiser la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle.