Agricultural Innovation Systems and the Co-evolution of Exclusion in India



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Type: 
working paper
Author(s): 
Raina R. S.
Joseph K. J.
Haribabu E
Kumar R
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Description: 

This paper contends that the exclusion of millions of poor from agricultural development gains is inexorably linked to the innovation system features that have evolved over time. An oft repeated lament of the Government of India about the inadequacy of reforms in agricultural research and extension, is used to explore the structure and institutions of agricultural innovation. Three main components of the agricultural innovation system, are the agricultural research and extension actors, the farming communities, and policy making agencies. Analysis of their structure and institutional features reveal limited capacities for interaction, learning and change. These features co-evolve with, generate and consistently maintain certain forms and patterns of exclusion – of the drylands, diverse crops and cropping systems, and marginal and small farms. For innovation to enable inclusive development agricultural research and extension reforms are not enough. Iterative institutional reforms are necessary; within and among several actors in the system, along with capacities to assess how institutional arrangements shape the innovation performance of each of these actors and the innovation system. 

Publication year: 
2021
Keywords: 
agriculture
agricultural innovation systems
Institutions
inclusión
interaction