The creation of Competitive Research Grants (CRGs) is globally recognized as an institutional innovation for improving the effectiveness of agricultural research. Unlike block grants for research, CRGs are expected to bring in many top-quality proposals from a wide range of actors, selecting the best out of them and thus getting more value for money.
In India, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are considered as the most preferred institutional mechanism for enhancing productivity and income of farmers. This is based on the resounding success of a few farmer collectives that have aggregated their produce to realise better incomes. However, when efforts were made to scale up this interesting model across the country, several challenges emerged.
Researchers at the University of Queensland have worked on research projects in the PNG Highlands since 2005. These projects were, and are, applied research to manage soil fertility in sweetpotato-based cropping systems in the Highlands. They were funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Our key collaborator was PNG’s National Agricultural Research Institute. Although the projects were in the field of Soil Science, specifically soil fertility management, our approach has always been multidisciplinary.
The Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra, responsible for building infrastructure and delivering water to farmers and other users, has so far created irrigation potential of about 5.3. million hectares and the current utilization is about 76%. About 5000 Water User Associations (WUAs) have been established to manage the water supply within their designated areas. However, the water use efficiency and productivity is adversely impacting the overall water security of the state.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) financed the second Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project (CHARMP2), in areas where poverty is most severe among indigenous peoples in the highlands of the Cordillera Region in northern Philippines. The aim is to reduce poverty and improve the livelihoods of indigenous peoples living in farming communities in the mountainous project area. The indigenous peoples consist of many tribes whose main economic activity is agriculture.
The important role that small farms play in supporting rural livelihoods, conserving biodiversity and maintaining traditional landscapes, rural traditions and cultural heritage is widely accepted. Nevertheless, they are often under the radar of the agriculture policy mechanisms, which tend to focus on the very large farms and globally driven food chains.
Le rôle important que jouent les petites exploitations agricoles dans le soutien des moyens de subsistance ruraux, la conservation de la biodiversité et le maintien des paysages traditionnels, des traditions rurales et du patrimoine culturel est largement reconnu. Néanmoins, ils passent souvent sous le radar des mécanismes de politique agricole, qui ont tendance à se concentrer sur les très grandes exploitations et les chaînes alimentaires pilotées à l’échelle mondiale.
Es ampliamente aceptado el importante papel que desempeñan las pequeñas explotaciones agrícolas en el apoyo a los medios de vida rurales, la conservación de la biodiversidad y el mantenimiento de los paisajes tradicionales, las tradiciones rurales y el patrimonio cultural. Sin embargo, a menudo pasan desapercibidos para los mecanismos de política agrícola, que tienden a centrarse en las explotaciones agrícolas muy grandes y en las cadenas alimentarias impulsadas a nivel mundial.
Le principal défi des systèmes alimentaires africains à l’avenir sera de fournir de la nourriture à une population en croissance rapide dont les régimes alimentaires et les préférences alimentaires évoluent. Alors que la population européenne diminue, les consommateurs exigeant des aliments produits de manière écologiquement et socialement responsable, la population africaine va plus que doubler entre 2020 et 2050, la demande alimentaire augmentant encore plus en raison des changements alimentaires.
The main challenge for African food systems in the future will be to provide food for a rapidly growing population with changing diets and food preferences. Whilst the population of Europe is decreasing, with consumers demanding food that is produced in an environmentally and socially responsible way, Africa’s population will more than double between 2020 and 2050, with food demand increasing even more as a result of dietary changes.